Optimization of Culture Medium to Increase The Biomass Production of Scenedesmus obliquus; the Impact of Carbon Source

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding an exogenous carbon source on the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus. For this purpose, the impact of three carbon sources, including sodium acetate (two concentrations of 0.01 and 0.02g/l), sodium carbonate (two concentrations of 0.01 and 0.02 g/l), and aeration to supply carbon dioxide on the growth and production of S. obliquus biomass cultured on BBM medium were investigated. Based on the results, all three carbon treatments significantly increased biomass production and microalgae growth compared to the control group (P <0.01). Among the carbon sources studied, the concentration of 0.02g/l sodium acetate had the most significant effect on microalgae growth. Therefore, this treatment uses for the heterotrophic culture of S. obliquus. Aeration treatment also increased the biomass concentration of the microalgae compared to control (P<0.01). This assay showed that S. obliquus was capable of heterotrophic growth using acetate as a carbon source. The results also showed that carbon treatments significantly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments in microalgae (P <0.01). Since pH may affect algal growth, an examination of the pH trend showed that acetate and carbonate treatments significantly increased the pH of the culture medium at the end of the experiment. In contrast, aeration treatment did not affect pH change compared to the control group.

Keywords

References

Abomohra AEF, El-Sheekh M, Hanelt D. (2014). Pilot cultivation of the chlorophyte microalga Scenedesmus obliquus as a promising feedstock for biofuel. Biomass and Bioenergy. 64: 237-244.
Agrawal K and Verma P. (2022). An overview of various algal biomolecules and their applications. An Integration of Phycoremediation Processes in Wastewater Treatment. 249-270. Doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823499-0.00006-7.
Almomani FA and Örmeci B. (2018). Monitoring and measurement of microalgae using the first derivative of absorbance and comparison with chlorophyll extraction method. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 190 (2): 1-19.
Cordoba-Perez M and de Lasa H. (2020). CO2-Derived carbon capture and photon absorption efficiency by microalgae in novel photo bio CREC. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 59 (33): 14710-14716. Doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02319.
de Oliveira, CYB, Viegas, TL, Lopes RG, Cella H, Menezes RS, Soares AT, Derner RB. (2020). A comparison of harvesting and drying methodologies on fatty acids composition of the green microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. Biomass and Bioenergy. 132, 105437.
Duan Y, Guo X, Yang J, Zhang M, Li, Y. (2020). Nutrients recycle and the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in synthetic wastewater under different sodium carbonate concentrations. Royal Society open science. 7 (1): 191214.
El-Sheekh MM, Hamouda RA, Nizam AA. (2013). Biodegradation of crude oil by Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris growing under heterotrophic conditions. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 82: 67-72.
Elvira-Antonio N, Ruíz-Marín A, Canedo-López Y. (2013). Effect of nitrogen content and CO2 consumption rate by adding sodium carbonate in the lipid content of Chlorella vulgaris and Neochloris oleoabundans. International Journal of Environmental Protection. 3 (10): 13.
Gim GH, Ryu J, Kim MJ, Kim PI, Kim SW. (2016). Effects of carbon source and light intensity on the growth and total lipid production of three microalgae under different culture conditions. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 43 (5): 605-616. Doi: 10.1007/s10295-016-1741-y.
Hughes EO, Gorham PR, Zehnder A. (1958). Toxicity of a unialgal culture of Microcystis aeruginosa. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 4 (3): 225-236.
Jafari A, Esmaeilzadeh F, Mowla D, Sadatshojaei E, Heidari S, Wood DA. (2021). New insights to direct conversion of wet microalgae impregnated with ethanol to biodiesel exploiting extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide. Fuel. 285: 119199. Doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119199.
Jeon YC, Cho CW, Yun YS. (2006). Combined effects of light intensity and acetate concentration on the growth of unicellular microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Enzyme and microbial technology. 39 (3): 490-495.
Karpagam R, Raj KJ, Ashokkumar B, Varalakshmi P. (2015). Characterization and fatty acid profiling in two freshwater microalgae for biodiesel production: lipid enhancement methods and media optimization using response surface methodology. Bioresource Technology. 188, 177-184. Doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.053.
Khan MI, Shin JH, Kim JD. (2018). The promising future of microalgae: current status, challenges, and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed, and other products. Microbial Cell Factories. 17 (1): 1-21. Doi:10.1186/s12934-018-0879-x.
Kiyohara T, Fujita Y, Hattori A, Watanabe A. (1960). Heterotrophic culture of a blue-green alga, Tolypothrix tenuis I. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. 6 (3): 176-182.
Lacroux J, Seira J, Trably E, Bernet N, Steyer JP, van Lis R. (2021). Mixotrophic growth of Chlorella sorokiniana on Acetate and Butyrate: Interplay Between Substrate, C: N Ratio and pH.Frontiers in microbiology. 12: 1830.
Le Gouic B, Marec H, Pruvost J, Cornet JF. (2021). Investigation of growth limitation by CO2 mass transfer and inorganic carbon source for the microalga Chlorella vulgaris in a dedicated photobioreactor. Chemical Engineering Science. 233: 116388. Doi:10.1016/j.ces.2020.116388.
Li S, Ji L, Chen C, Zhao S, Sun M, Gao Z, Fan J. (2020). Efficient accumulation of high-value bioactive substances by carbon to nitrogen ratio regulation in marine microalgae Porphyridium purpureum. Bioresource Technology. 309: 123362. Doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123362
Liu CG, Jin XC, Sun L, Sun HW, Zhu L, Yu Y, Zhuang YY. (2006). Effects of nitrogen source and aeration mode on algae growth in freshwater. Huanjingkexue= Huanjingkexue. 27 (1): 101-104.
 Loftus SE and Johnson ZI. (2019). Reused cultivation water accumulates dissolved organic carbon and uniquely influences different marine microalgae. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 7: 101. Doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00101.
Lu W, Liu S, Lin Z, Lin M. (2021). Enhanced microalgae growth for biodiesel production and nutrient removal in raw swine wastewater by carbon sources supplementation. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 12 (4): 1991-1999.
Mandal S and Mallick N. (2009). Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus as a potential source for biodiesel production. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 84 (2): 281-291.
Matsudo MC, Sousa TF, Pérez‐Mora LS, Bezerra R. P, Sato S, Carvalho JC. (2017). Ethanol as a complementary carbon source in Scenedesmus obliquus cultivation. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 92 (4): 781-786. Doi: 10.1002/jctb.5059.
Morales-Sánchez D, Martinez-Rodriguez OA, Kyndt J, Martinez A. (2015). Heterotrophic growth of microalgae: metabolic aspects. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 31 (1): 1-9.
Pancha I, Chokshi K, Mishra S. (2015). Enhanced biofuel production potential with nutritional stress amelioration through optimization of carbon source and light intensity in Scenedesmus sp. CCNM 1077. Bioresource Technology. 179: 565-572.
Patnaik R, Singh NK, Bagchi SK, Rao PS, Mallick N. (2019). Utilization of Scenedesmus obliquus protein as a replacement for the commercially available fish meal under an algal refinery approach. Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 2114. Doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02114.
Scarponi P, Ghirardini AV, Bravi M, Cavinato C. (2021). Evaluation of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus growth on pretreated organic solid waste digestate. Waste Management. 119: 235-241.
Sen R, and Martin GJ. (2018). Glycerol and nitrate utilization by marine microalgae Nannochloropsis salina and Chlorella sp. and associated bacteria during mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth. Algal research. 33: 298-309.
Silva HR, Prete CEC, Zambrano F, de Mello VH, Tischer CA, Andrade DS. (2016). Combining glucose and sodium acetate improves the growth of Neochloris oleoabundans under mixotrophic conditions. AMB Express. 6 (1): 1-11.
Song M and Pei, H. (2018). The growth and lipid accumulation of Scenedesmus quadricauda during batch mixotrophic/heterotrophic cultivation using xylose as a carbon source. Bioresource Technology. 263: 525-531.
Sutherland DL, Burke J, Ralph PJ. (2021). High-through put screening for heterotrophic growth in microalgae using the Biolog Plate assay. New Biotechnology. 65: 61-68.
Sydney, EB, Sturm W, de Carvalho JC, Thomaz-Soccol V, Larroche C, Pandey A, Soccol, CR. (2010). Potential carbon dioxide fixation by industrially important microalgae. Bioresource Technology, 101 (15): 5892-5896. Doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.02.088.
Tang, CC, Zuo, W, Tian Y, Sun N, Wang ZW, Zhang J. (2016). Effect of aeration rate on performance and stability of algal-bacterial symbiosis system to treat domestic wastewater in sequencing batch reactors. Bioresource Technology. 222: 156-164.
Turon V, Trably E, Fayet A, Fouill E, Steyer JP. (2015). Raw dark fermentation effluent to support heterotrophic microalgae growth: microalgae successfully out-compete bacteria for acetate. Algal Research. 12: 119-125.
Verma R, Kumari KK, Srivastava A, Kumar A. (2020). Photoautotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic culture media optimization for enhanced microalgae production. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 8  (5): 104149. Doi: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104149.
Vijay AK, Salim SAM, Prabha S, George B. (2021). Exogenous carbon source and phytohormone supplementation enhanced growth rate and metabolite production in freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus obtusus Meyen. Bioresource Technology Reports. 14: 100669.
Vonshak A. (2017). Laboratory techniques for the cultivation of microalgae. In CRC handbook of microalgal mass culture (pp. 117-146). CRC Press.
Wang R, Xue S, Zhang D., Zhang Q, Wen S, Kong D, Cong W. (2015). Construction and characteristics of artificial consortia of Scenedesmus obliquus-bacteria for S. obliquus growth and lipid production. Algal research. 12: 436-445.
Wang Z, Luo F, Wang Z, Zhou R, Tang Y, Li Y. (2019). The potential growth and lipid accumulation in Coccomyxa subellipsoidea are triggered by glucose combined with sodium acetate. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 35 (7): 1-13.
Yang S, Liu G, Meng Y, Wang P, Zhou S, Shang H. (2014). Utilization of xylose as a carbon source for mixotrophic growth of Scenedesmus obliquus. Bioresource Technology. 172: 180-185.
Ye Y, Huang Y, Xia A, Fu Q, Liao Q, Zeng W, Zhu X. (2018). Optimizing culture conditions for heterotrophic-assisted photoautotrophic biofilm growth of Chlorella vulgaris to simultaneously improve microalgae biomass and lipid productivity. Bioresource Technology. 270: 80-87.
Zhu J, He Y, Wang J, Qiao Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Huang M. (2017). Impact of aeration disturbances on endogenous phosphorus fractions and their algae growth potential from malodorous river sediment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 24 (9): 8062-8070.
Plant, Algae, and Environment
Volume 5, Issue 2
September 2021
Pages 677-690

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics