Seasonal Dynamics of Growth and Secondary Metabolites Biosynthesis in Dunaliella sp. (ABRIINW-I1) from Urmia Lake

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Food Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran.

3 Department of Genomics, Branch for Northwest & West region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Dunaliella sp. is a unicellular microorganism recognized for its ability to tolerate high salinity levels. It is a valuable source of natural pigments, lipids, and proteins and is of significant interest to various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and aquaculture. The study aimed to analysis of growth patterns and biochemical compositions throughout various seasons. For this reason, Dunaliella sp. ABRIINW-I1 was cultured in water samples collected from Lake Urmia during the winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons of 2021. The salinity of the water samples was maintained at 1.5 M through diluting with demi- water and cultivating of the algae was performed at pH 7.8, with a light intensity 200 μmol photon m−1.s−1 at 28 °C in a 2 L photobioreactor. The microalgae achieved a stable growth phase after an average of 10 days. Biomass production, along with protein content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and beta-carotene were quantified using spectrophotometric analysis. To assess the fatty acid composition, gas chromatography was performed on the extracted lipids utilizing the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling method. The physicochemical properties were evaluated in accordance with the guidelines established by the American Public Health Association (APHA). The findings indicate that the winter season exhibited the highest levels of protein content (50.3 %) and pigment concentration (2.88% DW), predominantly consisting of chlorophyll a, compared to the other seasons, with a significant difference. Conversely, lipid levels did not exhibit any significant variations among the different seasons. Furthermore, the ANOVA results revealed a notable difference in the data set of saturated fatty acids (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-6 fatty acids, and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). These findings emphasize the nutritional potential of the ABRIINW-I1 strain, particularly when cultivated during the colder months. The consistent cultivation conditions in the laboratory, along with the composition of key cations, anions, and the microbiome, likely played a significant role in shaping these outcomes. This research also demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale cultivation of Dunaliella microalgae in proximity to Lake Urmia. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the growth and nutritional characteristics were influenced by the ionic composition of the lake water under controlled laboratory conditions.

Keywords

References

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Plant, Algae, and Environment
Volume 8, Issue 2
2024
Pages 1420-1440

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