Effects of Amendments on Morphological Traits, Survival, and Establishment of Artemisia sieberi Besser in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

2 Desert Studies Faculty, Semnan University

10.48308/pae.2026.242679.1131

Abstract

Mining activities severely degrade vegetation and soil quality, highlighting the need for effective restoration strategies for heavy metal-contaminated lands. This study evaluated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus intraradices), zeolite, and superabsorbent polymer on the morphological performance and field establishment of Artemisia sieberi in contaminated mine soils. Seedlings were inoculated under greenhouse conditions and transplanted to the Mashhad East Cement Factory mining area using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Morphological traits, plant height, biomass, mycorrhizal colonization, and establishment percentage were assessed over two years. All amendments significantly improved plant performance compared with the control (P<0.01). Under greenhouse conditions, superabsorbent application increased root dry weight from 0.27 to 1.78 g, shoot dry weight from 0.43 to 2.93 g, total dry weight from 0.70 to 4.70 g, and plant height from 9.75 to 48.75 cm. Under field conditions, mycorrhizal inoculation achieved the highest establishment (87%) compared with the control (21%) after two years, while total dry weight increased from 0.27 to 0.87 g, root dry weight from 0.11 to 0.43 g, shoot dry weight from 0.16 to 0.44 g, and plant height from 4.5 to 12.5 cm (P < 0.01). Overall, mycorrhiza and zeolite were the most effective amendments for improving the performance of A. sieberi under heavy metal stress. These amendments can therefore be recommended for ecological restoration and revegetation of degraded mine lands in semi-arid regions.

Keywords

References

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Plant, Algae, and Environment
Volume 10, Issue 2
DOi
2026
Pages 1-17

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